For Engineers & Professional Engineers

Engineering Reference

Acoustic methodology, sensor BOM, NRW measurement per IWA/AWWA M36, GCTS-1 standard. No lore. No speculation. 0 sensors deployed — all hardware specifications are PROPOSED pending pilot procurement.

Acoustic Detection Methodology

Industry-standard acoustic leak-correlation approach — final sensor spec pending pilot procurement.

● VERIFIED — Industry standard

IWA/AWWA M36 Framework

Water balance methodology per IWA/AWWA M36 Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, 4th Edition. District Metered Area (DMA) approach for isolating leak zones.

This is the global standard for non-revenue water (NRW) quantification and is independently verifiable.

● PROPOSED — Pending procurement

Acoustic Correlation Sensor Approach

The proposed detection method uses acoustic leak correlation — an industry-standard technique for plastic and metal pipe networks. Specific sensor hardware, frequency range, and mounting protocol pending pilot procurement and third-party specification review.

Hardware Specification (Proposed BOM)

All hardware specifications use commercially available components. No custom ASICs. No proprietary chipsets.

ComponentSpecificationTierNotes
Edge Processor ARM Cortex-M4 PROPOSED Low-power MCU; commercially available; pending procurement confirmation
Gateway / Aggregator Raspberry Pi / x86 SBC PROPOSED Commercial off-shelf; MQTT or similar protocol; cellular or LoRaWAN backhaul
Verification SHA-256 append-only logging + quarterly third-party audit VERIFIED Current verification method. Meets IWA audit trail requirements.
Deployment Count 0 deployed VERIFIED No hardware installed as of 2026-07-16

NRW Projection

Non-revenue water reduction projection based on published methodology. Not a measured outcome.

● MODELED

12–28% NRW Reduction Range

Derived from IWA/AWWA M36 district metered area methodology applied to published Ogallala Aquifer region baseline conditions. Assumes 15–30% baseline NRW in aging US municipal systems (AWWA SOWI 2024).

Actual reduction quantified post-pilot instrumentation. Pilot data collection protocol defined in GCTS-1.

Verification: Current & Proposed

● VERIFIED — Current verification

SHA-256 Append-Only Logging

Data integrity via SHA-256 chained append-only logs. Compatible with IWA/AWWA water audit trail requirements.

Quarterly third-party audit of log integrity. No live telemetry pipeline exists — audit applies to proposal documentation.

● PROPOSED — Under development

ZK Verification Layer (not production-ready)

Rust Bulletproofs zero-knowledge proof layer under development. Intended to provide cryptographic proof of sensor readings without exposing raw data.

Status: Proposed ZK verification layer — not production-ready. Development stage. Current verification = SHA-256 append-only logs + quarterly third-party audit.

Standards & Technical Docs